<i>Kling</i>Muslims in Sixteenth-Century Ayutthaya: Towards Aggregating the Fragments

Abstract This article reconstructs the history of Kling Muslims’ contribution to religious and ethnic cosmopolitanism sixteenth-century Ayutthaya. study's argument is constructed based on an aggregate written fragments about in both Portuguese primary sources wider academic literature. We reveal that, amongst many ways which Siam benefited from Iberian invasion Melaka 1511, dramatic geopolitical rupture re-routed trade across Bay Bengal. As a result, merchants began arriving Ayutthaya greater numbers via new network Siamese-controlled ports portages. Moreover, this study demonstrates utility synergy among South Asian, Southeast Thai, Malay Studies through focusing exonyms employed secondary sources. Finally, contends that Ayutthaya's was impacted by arrival Asian Muslims, referred as World Khaek Siam, approximately one century before Persians arrived numbers. This, others, unintended result Portugal's interventions into, alliances with, Siamese.